Forging apparatus



Sept. 1, 1936.

c. FASSINGER Y FORGING APPARATUS Filed July 23, 1935 w. mv .mm

p 1936- C. FASSINGER FORGING APPARATUS Filed July 2:5, 1955 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR f; H m; v

Patented Sept. 1, 1936 2,053,141 FORGING APPARATUS Charles Fassinger, Pittsburgh, Pa. Application July 23, 1935, Serial: No. 32,739

17 "Claims.

My invention relates to forgingapparatus, and is hereinafterdescribed as employed in the hotforging :of nut blanks and the-like, but it will be understood that various features of'the inventiontnanvbe employed in the forging andipunching of other articles.

The invention is primarily concerned. with forgingoperations wherein blanks. are punched or pierced by a punchingtool movable throughthe blank, the piercingtool being opposed by a supporting tool at the opposite side of the'blank during partial piercing of the blank, thereby causingswelling of the blank, the supporting tool-beingzthen: withdrawn and the punching 'tool being moved entirely through the blank to complete the. piercing operation and eject the slug thus formed.

One object of my invention is to provide means for effecting properly-timed relation as between ithe movements of a punching tool and an opposed supporting tool, whereby they will properly cooperate to effect swelling and piercing of the blank, and whereby adjustments can be readily made during operation of the apparatus to main- .-tain proper cooperative relation even afteriwear and looseness occurs in the operating parts of the machine.

Another object of my invention is to provide mechanism for corelating or synchronizing the operation of opposed tools, whereby the relative ihicknessor volume of nut blank and slug can be controlled to effect production of nut blanks of uniform characteristics, irrespective of variation in-the bar. stock.

A further object of my invention is to provide a forging and punching machine of generally simplified form and improved operating characteristics.

In the accompanying drawings; Figure 1 is a side elevational View of the machine; Fig. 2'

is a plan view thereof; Fig. 3 is an enlarged view taken on the line III--III of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a i plan viewof the structure of Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a I view, on an enlarged scale, taken on the line V-V "of Fig. 3; Fig. 6 is an enlarged view showing one stage of the blank-piercing and swelling operation, and Fig. 7 shows another stage of said operation. v

The machine is shown as provided with a suitable framework 8 and a main shaft9 journalledtherein. The shaft 9 is driven from a suitable source of power, through pulleys I0, and

carries a pinion H which has driving engageu ment with gear wheels l2 and I3, that are mount- *ed. on shafts 14 and I 5, respectively.- Theshaft M is supplied with a crank it that serves tov reciprocate.a 'cut-off slide ll that has a combined CUt-OfllilJOOl and pressing die l8 which, when. the slide'is advanced, will shear a blank H! from the forward end of a bar. The bar stock will be p0.- sitioned in front of the cavity of a die 2@,.so that when the cut-off tool I8 is advanced to the die cavity it will shear a blank from the end of the bar stock and push it into the die. The die 20 is mounted in a stationary block 2|.

Duringthe shearing operation, a crowning tool 22"..occupies a stationary position within'thedie 20. A piercer or punch 23 is slidably mounted within the crowning tool 22. During advancing movement of the cut-off tool 48, the piercing tool 15 23...is advanced: to partially pierce the blank as shown more clearly in Fig. 6, and to finally eject{ the punch or slug.

The crowner tool 22 is mounted on a slide 24 and the piercer 23 on a slide 25, the slides 24 and 25 beingoperated by'cams 25 and a single cam 2'5, respectively, that are secured to the shaft Hi. The cams 26 and 27 are offset relative to one anotherso that the crowning tool 22 is stationary during the initial movement ofthe piercer 23 into th'e die, and thereafter advances more slowly from 'th'e-blank. An abutment screw 3! is pro-- vided forthe crowner slide 24 for adjustably positioning the crowner 22 in the cavity of the die I 20 for making nuts of various thicknesses. The position of the piercer 23 within the crowner 22 is controlled by an adjusting screw 32.

Reciprocably mounted within the cut-off toolor presser H3 is a blank-supporting tool or filler pin 35 disp0sedopposite to and in axial 'alinement with the piercer 23. The supporting tool is actuated by a slide block 36 that is operated by-toggle-links 31, whose rear ends are pivotally connected to the slide H, and whose forward ends are pivotally connected to the block 36. A link 38 is connected to the'mid portion of the toggles 31 and to a rocking lever 39 that is journalled at its mid portion'upon the slide 8 l.

Ascrew-like adjusting element 32 is carried by the slide 11 beneath'the mid portion of the toggles, for limiting the distance which the'links 31 may move downwardly past center. Normally, the toggle is set with the links 31 substantially in parallelism, or slightly below center, whereby the forward end. of the supporting tool 35 is maintained substantially flush with the working face of the presser l8. With the supporting tool 35 in this position, it opposes the piercer 23 and supports the central portion, while the presser tool supports the peripheral portion of the side face of the blank.

Thus, at the time the piercer is moving into the blank, the supporting tool 35 is engaging the other face of the blank and opposes axial flow of metal in front thereof, and the metal is caused to flow radially, thereby expanding the blank and filling out the die cavity, as shown in Fig. 6.

The supporting pin 35 is not positively connected with the slide block 36, but reciprocates within the bore of the presser tool I8. The block 36 is provided with a bore 49 to the rear of the tool 35, across which a plate M is positioned. With the toggle 31 in set position, the plate 4| engages the rear end of the tool and pushes it forwardly and maintains it in position flush with the face of the presser tool l8. In case there is excessive pressure developed during piercing of a blank, as by excessive thickness of the bar stock or by failure of a previously-formed blank to be removed, the plate 4! is punctured or sheared, permitting rearward movement of the supporting tool and relieving the opposition to the piercer so that no radial flow of metal occurs. The provision of the breaker plate 4| prevents possible serious damage to the machine under GXCBSSiVG pressures.

After the piercer 23 has penetrated the blank a predetermined distance, with axial flow of metal opposed by the supporting tool 35, thereby causing expansion of the blank, as heretofore described, the opposing pressure of the tool 35 cam 44, mounted on a shaft which is journalled on the block 2 i. A crank arm 46 is mounted on the shaft 45 and a link 4! ispivotally connected thereto.

A turn-buckle type adjusting member 48 has ;screw-threaded connection with the link 41, and

is likewise connected to one end of a pull rod 49. The other end of the pull rod 49 is pivotally connected to one arm of a bell crank lever 50 that is journalled to the frame 8. The other ,arm of the bell crank carriesa roller 5| which engages a cam 52 mounted on the cam shaft I5.

The cam 52, operating through the connections above described, moves the tripper bar 44 downwardly into engagement with the lever 39. Consequent tilting of the lever 39 quickly moves the links 31 to their uppermost positions, as indicated in Fig. 3, and thereby moves the slide block 36 rearwardly which releases and permits rear- Ward movement of the supporting tool 35 under continued movement of the piercer 23.

The operation of the supporting tool 35 must be in definitely-timed relation to the movement of the punch 23, and this synchronism is effected by oscillating the tripper bar 44 from the cam shaft 15, by the cam 52, which is an important feature of my invention, since the cam 52 and the piercer cam 21 are in effect, an integral unit, there is no lost-motion or back lash of the parts to affect the timing relation, such as would be present in case the pin in the presser would be actuated through means on the cam shaft l 4, for example. Also, the timing relation is unaffected by looseness and. wear of the machine.

The movements of the piercer 23 and the presser l8 and its pin 35 are such that when these members reach the position shown in Fig. 6, the pin 35 is immediately released as aboveex plained, and the movement of the piercer 23 is continued to push the slug of metal 53 from the blank and into the presser tool l8, the pin 35 being moved rearwardly thereby, thus completing the piercing operation of the blank. When the piercer 23 is at approximately the end of its advancing movement through the blank, the presser or cut-off tool I8 is completing its. advancing stroke to push the blank against the crowning tool 22, to thereby compress the blank within the die 20, to effect a crowning operation thereon. It will be understood, of course, that the front face of the tool 22 could be plane in order to produce a flat-ended blank.

- The advancing and retractive movements of the tool 35 through operation of the toggle links 31 takes place during continuous advancing movement of the cut-off I8, and during advancing movement of the piercer 23.

Upon completion of the piercing and crowning operation, the cut-off tool I8 is withdrawn from the die 29, while the advancing movement of the crowning tool 22 is continued to push the blank l9 from the die. To restore the toggle links 31 from their upper'position to the position shown in Fig. 3, the rear end of the lever 39 is brought into engagement with a reset bar 54 during retractive movement of the slide N. This movement causes the slug 53 to be ejected from the presser l8.

During the forward movement of the crowning tool 22, the cam 39 will cause withdrawal of the piercer 23 to strip it from the blank l9, and to bring it to its retracted position, and after ejection of the blank from the die, the spring 29 will withdraw the crowning tool 22 to its rear position.

It is, of course, highly important that there be properly-timed relation between movements of the piercer 23 and the presser l8, and tripping of the'toggle 31 to move the slide 36 away from the tool 35, such timing being effected as aboveexplained by the tripper bar 44, and the movement thereof from the cam shaft i5. In order that the tripper 44 can be adjusted to cause operation of the toggle links 3'! at exactly the proper stage of forward movement of the piercer 23 and the presser I8, the adjusting member 48 is turned which results in raising or lowering of the tripper bar 44 relative to the forward end of the lever 39, so that breaking of the toggle and release of the supporting tool or pin 35 will occur at precisely the desired stage in advancing movement of the piercer 23 and the presser 98, thus insuring release of the pin 35, without interference with the continued advancing movement of the piercer 23 and the presser l8.

This toggle and cam arrangement for operating the slugger 35 constitutes an important feature of the present invention, since the tripping block 44 can readily be adjusted by the member 48 to compensate for wear and looseness in other parts of the mechanism.

Also, the timing'of the release of the pin 35 can be readily changed to suit blanks of various thicknesses. The snap-like positive movement of the slugger is of importance because there is less danger of interference with the advancing ment.:and .flow of :metal; iromrthe .eslugizto :the... blank .to produce nut blanks; of :uniform. size: and That. :isaithe :thickness thickness:characteristics.

of the .slugneed not be uniformybut more on less metal....therefrom,x as required,v is sdisplacedointo thebody of the nut blank; so that theblanks are uniform. This effectsr considerable .savings in:

scrap ;metal. and scrap nut. blanks:

I vclaimzas myinventionzz- 1. Forging. apparatus comprising i a: blank:-:

receiving wdie having openings-in. :opposite :sides thereof, a tubular pressing toolmovable into .one

side of thedie, a tubular :crowning :toolc-movable' into:the other .side' of th'ecdiepa pincreciprocably r mounted in the pressing-tool, meansforrholding said'pin withits one end substantially flush with theadjacent endof thepressing -tool, a piercing punch-in the crowning tool, means-foradvancing said punch-beyond the endof the crowning took-.1

meansfor -releasing the said pin, 1 for =moveme-nt rearwardlv-of the presser "tool,-means for -there-- after continuing the advancing movement 'of the piercing punch, and means control-ledthrough movement of the'pieroing punch, tor -effecting release of 'said'pinv .L' 'F'Orgingapparatus comprising a=- blank-'- receiving-die having openings -'in"opposite sides-- thereof, a-tubular pressing tool 'movableinto one side of the die, a tubular crowning tool movable into the 'otherside of-the die, a pin reciprocable in thepressing tool, a piercing -punch in thecrowning tool, said pin "and saidpunch *being disposed in axial alignment, means for advancing thepiercing punch beyond-the end or the crowning-tool,- means operable during advancinginove ment -of-the pressing tool'for holding the said pin" lease said pin.

3. Forging apparatus comprising a" blank receiving-die having openings in opposite sides th'ereof,"a tubular pressing tool'movable into one side of the die,- a tubular crowningtool movable 'intothepther side of the die, a'pin reciprocable in the-pressing tool,- a piercing punch "in 'the" crowning tool; said pin''and' said'punch being disposedin axial alignment, means foradvancing the piercing punch beyond'the end'of the crown mg tool, means operable duringadvancirig move ment of the pressingtool for holding-the saidpin in--position with; its forward end substantially"- flush with the face of the pressingttool, and. means. for. actuating said holding means," to 're" lease said "pin, the "said actuating 'means' being adjustable for operation of the said holding" means .at a desired stage inthe advancing movement ofthe pressing'to'ol.

4. Forging apparatus comprising a blankreceiving die having openings in opposite sides thereof, a tubular pressing tool movable into one side of the die, a tubular crowning tool movable into the other side of the die, a pin reciprocable in the pressing tool, a piercing punch in the crowning tool, said pin and said punch being disposed in axial alignment, means for advancing the piercing punch beyond the end of the crowning tool, a toggle having a pair of links arranged substantially in parallelism, for maintaining the 5 forward ends of said pin and said pressing tool substantiallyrin. a .common. plane, and a. tripping;-

devicecoperablecduring==advancing movement of the..apressingr tool, for smovingthe said links out ofzatheiriparallelposition, to release said-pin;

5.?Forging apparatus comprising a blank-; receivingxdiehaving openingsmin opposite sides. thereof, axtubular .pressingtool movable into one. side of. the .die,:a:tubular crowning tool movable intotheother sidetof the die, a pin 'reciprocable in the :pressing tool; a piercing punch in thecrowningtool, said pin and :said; punch: being disposedjinaxial alignment, meansfor advancing:

the piercing punchbeyond the end of the crown ing tool,..atoggle"having a pair of links arranged;

1&5

substantiallvin parallelism, for maintaining the forward ..ends.of said pin and :saidpressing tool substantially in'ra common plane; a lever con necstedcto the'mid-portion' of said toggle, a tripper 1 loan disposed .adjacent to the. path of travel of said pressertool and .said'levenxand means :actu':

atediby :said .puncheadvancing means for, opera.

ating said tripper, to break said toggle.

6. Forging-apparatus..comprising .a .blank-re-j ceiving: die having openings in 3 opposite sides thereon-a tubular pressing tool movable into one si'delofmthe die,.a tubular crowning tool movable the piercing punch beyond the end of the crown-,

ing tool,.;a.toggle having a pair;of links arranged sec substantially in parallelism; for maintaining the forward :ends .of said :pin-and said pressing tool substantially ina common plane, a lever connected'i to the mid: portion: of said toggle,

atripperrban disposed adjacent to the path of travel. .of .said ;presser tool and said lever, and

meansractuated by said punch-advancing means for operating said trippento breakxsaid toggle, said tripper. bar. being disposed. in position to overlie :said lever;

7. Forging .apparatus comprising 'a blank-ree ceivingszdie..,having' openings. in .opposite sides thereof,: a;.slide member, ablank-engaging. pin. carried thereby and movable into. one. side of the die, meanszon the. slide for projecting; the said pin forwardly of the slide, a piercingpunch movable into the other side of the die, means. for simultaneously advancingthe piercing punch andthe slide, and means operable during said advance movements for actuating said projecting .means to=release said pin: from its projected position,.and

permittingretractingmovement. of the same during. continuedadvance movement .of the piercing punch;

8.: Forgingirapparatus comprising ao'blank-receiving die. havingiopeningsv in. opposite sides thereof, ,a slide m'ember, ablank3-engaging :pintcarriedthereby:andmovable into one side of the die, means onsthe-slide ,for projecting the said" the slide to restore the toggle links to their orig- "means for moving the piercing punch through the the other side of the die, means for simultaneously advancing the piercing punch and the slide, toggle mechanism between one end of said pin and the slide and arranged to project the pin forwardly of the slide, for movement into the slide,

and means adjacent to the path of travel of the slide for actuating said toggle mechanism to withdraw the same and permit retraction of the said pin during further advancing movement of.

the slide member and said piercing punch.

10. Forging apparatus comprising a blank-receiving die having openings in opposite sides thereof, a slide member, a blank-engaging pin carried thereby, a piercing punch movable into the other side of the die, means for simultaneoustoggle mechanism comprising a pair of links arranged substantially in parallelism, for projecting said pin, said links being moved out of parallelism when the toggle mechanism is actuated, and means operable upon retractive movement of inal parallel position.

11. Forging apparatus comprising a blank-receiving die having openings in opposite sides thereof, a blank-engaging tool, a piercing punch,

die, means for moving the said tool into the opposite side of the die, and a snap-acting device for effecting withdrawal of said tool from the die after a predetermined advancing movement of the piercing punch into the die.

12. Forging apparatus comprising a blank-receiving die having openings in opposite sides thereof, a. blank-engaging tool, a piercing punch, means for moving the piercing punch through the die, means for moving the said tool into the opposite side of the die, a snap-acting device for effecting withdrawal of said tool from the die after a predetermined advancing movement of the piercing punch into the die, and means controlled by the first-named advancing means for actuating said snap-acting'device.

13. Forging apparatus comprising a blank-receiving die having openings in opposite sides thereof, a blank-engaging tool at one side of the die, a piercing punch at the other side of the die,

in axial alignment with said tool, means for moving said piercing punch through the die, and a snap-acting device actuated in timed relation to the advancing movement of said piercing punch for permitting withdrawal of said blank-engaging tool from its blank-engaging position.

14. Forging apparatus comprising a crank shaft, a cam shaft, means for rotating said shafts in synchronism, a blank-receiving die disposed intermediate said shafts, a piercing punch operatively connected to said cam shaft, for movement into the die, a slide operatively connected to the crank shaft and reciprocable thereby toward and from the die, a blank-engaging tool carried by said slide, a toggle device disposed between said tool and said slide, and normally set to project said tool forwardly of the slide, a tripping device in the path of travel of said slide, a cam on said cam shaft, and means actuated by said cam for operating said tripping device.

15. Forging apparatus comprising a crank shaft, a cam shaft, means for rotating said shafts in synchronism, a blank-receiving die disposed intermediate said shafts, a piercing punch operatively connected to said cam shaft, for movement into the die, a slide operatively connected to the crank shaft and reciprocable thereby toward and from the die, a blank-engaging tool carried by said slide, a toggle device disposed between said tool and said slide, and normally set to project said tool forwardly of the slide, a plate interposed between the said toggle device and the rear end of said tool, a tripping device in the path of travel of said slide, a cam on said cam shaft, and means actuated by said cam for operating said tripping device.

16. Forging apparatus comprising a crank shaft, a cam shaft, means for rotating said shafts in synchronism, a blank-receiving die disposed intermediate said shafts, a piercing punch operatively connected to said cam shaft, for movement into the die, a slide operatively connected to the crank shaft and reciprocablethereby toward and from the die, a blank-engaging tool carried by said slide, a toggle device disposed between said tool and said slide, and normally set to project said tool forwardly of the slide, a tripping device in the path of travel of said slide, a cam on said cam shaft, and means actuated by said cam for operating said tripping device, said cam actuated means being adjustable for operating said tripping device at a predetermined point in the advancing movement of said slide and said piercing punch. a

17. Forging apparatus comprising a blank-receiving die having openings in opposite sides thereof, a blank-engaging tool movable into position to close one side of the die, a pin slidably mounted in said tool, a tubular crowning tool movable into the other side of the die, a piercing punch in the crowning tool disposed in axial alignment with the said pin, means for advancing the piercing punch beyond the end of the crowning tool, means for holding said pin in an advanced position during advancing movement of the crowning tool, and a device for releasing the pin during advancing movement of the punch,

to permit retraction of the pin into said blankengaging tool.

CHARLES FASSINGER. 

